Introduction of RFID Technology in Wal

Executive Summary In the recent years, there has been a growing concern over the reduction in sales and downturn in growth in Wal-Mart. An analysis of its existing information technology is done in this project report, with a SWOT analysis of the same being done.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Introduction of RFID Technology in Wal-Mart specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It concludes that despite the system being successful over the years, traditional and newer competitors have managed to build a matching system that has helped them reduce the price difference between them and Wal-Mart. Therefore, the goal is to create a better system that allows the retention of a large price difference through the reduction in operating costs. This project proposes a change in the management of the supply chain and billing in the organization through the introduction of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) expertise in Wal -Mart. The report concludes that the use of RFID will allow the organization to increase its output by reducing queues at the points of sale. Background Wal-Mart is one of the most successful organizations in the United States and the world. Since its inception, the management has embraced information system to stay competitive. Wal-Mart first opened its doors in 1962 as a small discount store located in Arkansas (Vance, Roy, 1994). The founder, Sam Walton, wanted to provide low-cost goods and services to the population around as a way of improving its social status. His belief was that the people around deserved better services in terms of the quality and prices of goods that were sold. The company later assumed the current Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1969. It entered the New York Stock Exchange list as a public company in 1972 (Vance, Roy, 1994). The company currently has over 9,500 retail stores in more than 25 nations, employing over 2 million people worldwide, with the bulk of t hese employees being in the US (Vance, Roy, 1994). The company has also topped the Fortune 500 list of the most successful and profitable organizations. It reported yearly revenue of $431.87 billion in 2010 (Vance, Roy, 1994).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wal-Mart has pioneered in the use of information technology to remain competitive and/or stay ahead in terms of competition in the retail industry. The main utility of information system at Wal-Mart is to lower the operational costs, hence attaining more profits than any other organization of its size (Vance, Roy, 1994). Wal-Mart uses a well-orchestrated information system in its organization. The system maintains its stock and ensures that prices are lower in relation to those of its competitors. Many individuals have described Wal-Mart as using its inventory replenishment system to move up to the current histor ical success (Troy, 2003). This system works through the automatic ordering of new merchandise once the customers have purchased a single item at the retail outlets. The system automatically orders these items from the suppliers through the transmission of the product information from the point-of-sale to the central computer at the organization’s headquarters (Troy, 2003). The suppliers can get the information about the orders on the internet where they access information regarding the amount of products and the retail centers where they are needed. This system will eliminate the maintenance of large stocks at the company’s warehouses (Ravichandran, Lertwongsatien, 2005). Figure: Supply chain such as used by Wal-Mart-Auto-ID: Managing Anything, Anywhere, Anytime in the Supply Chain, Bose and Pal, ACM Source: (Bose, Pal, 2005)Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Introduction of RFID Technology in Wal-Mart specifically for you for on ly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another example of how Wal-Mart uses technology at its retail centers is the use of self-check-out, which allows customers to avoid the long queues at the points of sale (Vance, Roy, 1994). The company has also established strong presence in the online shopping market. Through this e-commerce, customers can purchase their desired items on the internet (Ravichandran, Lertwongsatien, 2005). This service has allowed Wal-Mart to expand its services to the populations in some geographic areas that it does not cover (Troy, 2003). Although Wal-Mart is a good example of companies that utilize information technology to stay competitive, some challenges are still evident in its effective use of the technology. Statement of Problem Wal-Mart remains the single largest retail outlet company in the United States and in the world. However, the growth that the company has experienced and the policy of providing low prices of goods and service have work ed against the company. The company has been made to put in place a series of measures to ensure that the competitive edge is retained over the other competitors (Troy, 2003). In the last decade, the double-digit growth that Wal-Mart was previously experiencing began to decline, with this decline causing worries in the management and other stakeholders (Troy, 2003). The company was seen as experiencing problems mostly in its inventory management and cost control (Wang, 2006, p. 45). Recent studies indicate that the price advantage that Wal-Mart held over its competitors and the perception that consumers had are diminishing (Wang, 2006). Consumers are increasingly seeing the organization as being as expensive as any other outlet, with recent studies also showing a narrowing down of the price differences between Wal-Mart and its competitors (Troy, 2003). The observation of the price changes is worrying for the organization that has built its business based on this â€Å"low priceâ₠¬  advantage for a number of years. The concept was the main offer that customers relied on from Wal-Mart. Strategy Developed A number of strategies have been analyzed and put in place at Wal-Mart to stem the negative growth that is likely to be observed over the next few years. The publicly traded company has the executives increasing the share purchases in the attempt of increasing the earnings in the share sale (Wang, 2006).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other area of focus that the organization has majored in is the international market. Wal-Mart has made a number of acquisitions in the international market, with this move being aimed at buying revenue and increasing its total revenue as a result (Wang, 2006, p. 51). The other measure that the company has undertaken to maintain the low-cost advantage over its competitors is the reduction of the workforce and initiation of measures to increase labor productivity (Quinn, 2000). However, the measures have been criticized because of the effects that it has in reducing the number of experienced workers in the organization, the introduction of inventory problems that were not a traditional problem, and the loss of revenue. The company has lost revenue through the inadequacy of staff during peak hours at the registers due to few sales floor associates (Roberts, Berg, 2012). Therefore, Wal-Mart needs an efficient method of conducting business in the current financial dispensation to r emain productive and/or retain the brand image that it has created over the years (Wallace, 2012). The problem can be solved through the efficient use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID is a newer form of technology that has the capability to allow the organization to carry out billing, supply chain management, and tracking of supplies with less human intervention as compared to barcodes (Bose, Pal, 2005). A SWOT analysis will be important to assess the state of the information technology system at Wal-Mart stores. SWOT Analysis Strengths The suggested information system at Wal-Mart exhibits a number of strengths The company’s image is the biggest beneficiary of the IT strategy. The system will facilitate its market as the company that provides the cheapest goods in their retail stores. The strategy has the strength of creating a cost advantage for Wal-Mart over its competitors in the industry (Laudon, Laudon, 2010). The system will also create an efficient dist ribution system for the organization, thus ensuring goods are replenished immediately. The brand image for the company, which is â€Å"We Sell for Less† will significantly be built of this information technology strategy. Wal-Mart is will be able to utilize economies of scale in its supply chain, with the utility of the information system mainly being in the distribution of the inventory to the warehouses and retail outlets. Weaknesses However, a number of weaknesses in the current IT strategy are evident in the organization. The weaknesses are currently being observed in the latest problems that the organization is facing in its price difference with its major competitors (Roberts, Berg, 2012). The company has experienced high turnover rates, with the annual rates being about 45% in the recent past (Laudon, Laudon, 2010). There has been a growing concern also that the organization that is present in a number of regions across the US has had a weaker presence in the major m etropolitan areas as compared to some of her competitors. The stagnant technology use in the organization has also ensured that its competitors copy the technology, with some being more advanced than Wal-Mart in the use of technology in their operations. The major weakness that the suggested IT system will have is the substantial amount of time is needed to have it introduced and used by the organization’s staff. Besides, the use of this technology would be a bit expensive to introduce at the organization, but this would only be in the initial stages of installation. The application will see the reduction in the operating costs for the organization, hence improvement in the overall performance. Opportunities The use of this technological system at Wal-Mart has several opportunities for the organization, especially the use of the internet. The system will allow Wal-Mart to expand to other geographic areas in the US and around the world. There is also the opportunity of acquisi tion of smaller organizations in the industry, and especially those operating similar IT systems, with this being a growth indicator and reduction in competition (Quinn, 2000). The alliance of Wal-Mart with IT companies is another opportunity that will see the expansion of its operations on the online stage (Fishman, 2006). These opportunities provide a stage for the expansion of the organization and a reversal of the decrease in growth observed in the last few years. Threats Wal-Mart and its IT strategy face a number of threats in the contemporary global economic age. One of the threats is the increased competition from a number of old and new competitors, with these organizations being able to apply the same technological advantages to catch up with Wal-Mart (Quinn, 2000). Wal-Mart is likely to experience a number of setbacks in its application of technology, with one of these being the lawsuit such as the one that was filed in the federal court with the allegations that the organ ization was exhibiting discrimination against women in its operations (Roberts, Berg, 2012). The information age has also worked against the organization, with bad publicity being the result of the advances in the informational age in terms online of operations (Roberts, Berg, 2012). Goal of the Technology The goal of the project is to create an effective IT system in Wal-Mart. According to Wallace (2012), the system is able to complement the existing IT infrastructure and enable the organization to save on the much-needed operational costs. The organization has developed a network that is based on the efficiency of its information system. Hence, the problems that are currently being witnessed may be resulting from the failure of some components of this system. The suggested solution should be sufficient to enable improved data storage, distribution, and inventory replenishment as previously experienced in the organization (Wailgum, 2007). The goal is to replace the billing system at Wal-Mart with a smarter way of billing, which must be efficient enough to allow effective logistics management. The billing system that is currently in place in Wal-Mart is partly effective, with its application being only in the supply chain. The use of the barcodes constitutes the main application of technology at the points of sale. Despite the barcodes traditionally being used by the organization to manage the sales, the supply chain management is a crucial role that is not efficiently being undertaken in the organization (Wailgum, 2007). There is the need to substitute this technology with a more advanced and efficient one to capture a larger market and organizational capacity. Solution Due to the problems raised above in the information technology department in the organization in the use of barcodes in the management of sales, this project proposes the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) at the points of sale in the retail outlets in the organization (Bose, Pal, 2005). The wireless device that is associated with this technology can significantly reduce the workload in the organization. It has a large capacity for data as compared to other similar billing and supply chain management methods (Bose, Pal, 2005). The device is built on the concept of allowing identification of tagged objects. Unlike the use of barcodes, it does not require the objects to be in the line of sight (Bose, Pal, 2005). Fig: RFID Device-The Magic of RFID, Roy Want, Intel Research Source: (Bose, Pal, 2005) The ability of the RFID to read and identify objects while they are not necessarily in the line of sight constitutes the single most important advantage of using the device over barcodes (Bose, Pal, 2005). This means that at the point of sale, employees can increase their speed by scanning a number of items at the same time. Besides, items that are hidden can also be identified (Bose, Pal, 2005). In the management of the supply chain that is needed at the momen t in Wal-Mart, the use of RFID can be utilized to make it more efficient. The use of a serial number in the products has an added advantage in the supply chain since more information is available about the product in the supply chain as compared to that which would be carried by other non-specialized barcodes such as those used in European Article Numbering (EAN) and Universal Product Codes (UPC) (Bose, Pal, 2005). Fig: Three Levels of SCM Auto-ID: Managing Anything, Anywhere, Anytime in the Supply Chain Source: (Bose, Pal, 2005) Apart from the use of FRID to monitor the sales in the organization, it can also complement other systems in place to monitor theft of the merchandise at the retail centers. The system also enables easier classification of items and especially in the assessment of the freshness of perishable products, hence the use of first-in-first-out (FIFO) strategy (Bose, Pal, 2005). The suppliers can also be given information on the retail conditions of the product s they supply more efficiently. Figure: Future of SRFID ARM research, 2005 Source: (Bose, Pal, 2005) Conclusion Since the introduction of a centralized supply chain and efficient technological supply chain management policies, Wal-Mart managed to lower the prices of the goods that are sold at its outlets. This project has proposed a change in the management of the supply chain and billing in the organization through the introduction of RFID to increase output by reducing queues at the points of sale. The introduction of this technological innovation would also provide more information on the organization’s supply chain since more information would be stored in the gadgets. Reference List Bose, H., Pal, D. (2005). Auto-ID: Managing Anything, Anywhere, Anytime in the Supply Chain. ACM Digital Library. Communications of the ACM, 48(8), 100-106. Fishman, C. (2006). The Wal-Mart effect: how the world’s most powerful company really works– and how it’s transf orming the American economy. New York, NY: Penguin Press. Laudon, C., Laudon, P. (2010). Managing information systems-managing the digital firm. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Quinn, B. (2000). How Wal-Mart is Destroying America and the World. Berkeley CA: Ten Speed Press. Ravichandran, T., Lertwongsatien, C. (2005). Effect of Information Systems Resources and Capabilities on Firm Performance: A Resource-Based Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems / Spring, 21(4), 237-276. Roberts, R., Berg, N. (2012). Wal-Mart: key insights and practical lessons from the world’s largest retailer. London: Kogan Page. Troy, M. (2003). Logistics still cornerstone of competitive advantage-Wal-Mart The Category King: A new era of excellence. Business Library. Web. Vance, S., Roy, S. (1994). Wal-Mart. A History of Sam Walton’s Retail Phenomenon. New York, NY. Twayne Publishing. Wailgum, T. (2007). 45 years of Wal-Mart history: a technology time line. Web . Wallace, P. (2012). Information Systems in Organizations. London: Prentice Hall. Wang, J. (2006). Economies of IT Systems at Wal-Mart: A Historical Perspective. Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal, 9(1), 45-66. 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Texas AM University Commerce Admissions Data

Texas AM University Commerce Admissions Data Admissions Overview: Students interested in Texas AM - Commerce should note that, while the school admits under half of applicants each year, students with solid grades and test scores still have a good chance of being admitted. To apply, those interested will need to submit (along with an application) SAT or ACT scores and official high school transcripts. Admissions Data (2016): Texas A M University - Commerce Acceptance Rate: 46%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430 / 540SAT Math: 440 / 540SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 18  / 23ACT English: 18 / 25ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers mean Texas AM University Commerce Description: Founded in 1889, Texas AM University-Commerce is a public, four-year university located in Commerce, Texas, about an hour northeast of Dallas. AM-Commerce offers more than 100 undergraduate and graduate degrees in a wide range of fields, and the university also has extensive online educational options. High achieving students should check out TAMUCs honors program which gives full-tuition scholarships to 50 Honors students every year. Academics at TAMUC are supported by an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Texas AM-Commerce is home to some very interesting intramural sports including Trivia Bowl, a Madden Tournament, and something called Cornhole. The university also has over 120 student clubs and organizations, and an active system of fraternities and sororities. For intercollegiate athletics, AM-Commerce Lions compete in the NCAA Division II  Lone Star Conference  (LSC) with five mens and seven womens sports. The university also has a rodeo program and cheer and dance teams. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 13,514  (8,318 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female72% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $7,750  (in-state); $19,990 (out-of-state)Books: $1,400 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,270Other Expenses: $3,413Total Cost: $20,833  (in-state); $33,073 (out-of-state) Texas AM University Commerce Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 90%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 78%Loans: 60%Average Amount of AidGrants: $9,617Loans: $5,799 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Exercise Science, General Studies, Interdisciplinary Studies, Liberal Studies, Psychology, Social Work Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 63%Transfer Out Rate: 30%4-Year Graduation Rate: 24%6-Year Graduation Rate: 43% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Golf, Basketball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Golf, Soccer, Volleyball, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Interested in Texas AM University Commerce? You May Also Like These Colleges: Texas Tech University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Texas at Arlington:  ProfileUniversity of North Texas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWest Texas AM University: ProfileSam Houston State University:  ProfileTexas Christian University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas AM University Main Campus:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStephen F. Austin State University:  ProfilePrarie View AM University:  ProfileTexas AM University-Corpus Christi:  ProfileUniversity of Houston:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Texas AM University Commerce Mission Statement: mission statement from  tamuc.edu/aboutUs/ourMission/default.aspx Texas AM University-Commerce provides a personal, accessible, and affordable educational experience for a diverse community of learners. We engage in creative discovery and dissemination of knowledge and ideas for service, leadership, and innovation in an interconnected and dynamic world.

Accelerated Science Program Helps Adult Students Find Healthcare Jobs Faster

Accelerated Science Program Helps Adult Students Find Healthcare Jobs Faster The older we get, the more aware we become of time remaining. We tend to become more efficient because there is less time to waste, less time to spend doing something we either a) dont want to do, or b) are capable of doing faster. If youre in the medical field, or want to be, and the above sounds like you, the Integrated Science Program (ISP) from Lifelong Learning Institute might be right for you. In a nutshell, the program focuses on one science for a full month, and then moves on to the next subject. So rather than taking four subjects at the same time for a full semester, you immerse yourself in just one subjectfocused attention on one topic. At Southern California University of Health Sciences (SCU), for example, the ISP format involves face-to-face, full-day classroom time on Saturdays and Sundays, web-based learning from home during the week, and weekly tests. Its designed especially for adult students who work. With this format, theyre able to attend classes on weekends and fit the self-study portion of the class, which includes online discussion forums, into their lives whenever they can on weekdays. At SCU, the following courses are available in the ISP format: Biochemistry LabChemistry for Allied Health Professionals (Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry combined) Lab)General Chemistry 1 2 LabHuman Anatomy and Physiology 1 2 LabHuman Biology 1 2 LabMicrobiology LabOrganic Chemistry 1 2 LabPhysics 1 2 Lab Most ISP students at SCU are working toward completing science prerequisites for health science degrees for use in the following careers: ChiropracticDentistry and Dental HygieneMedicineNursing (LPN, LVN, CNA, ADN, RN, BSN, MS, PhD)OptometryOsteopathic MedicinePharmacyPhysician AssistantPhysical TherapyPodiatric MedicineVeterinary Medicine The ISP brochure from SCU states: Immersion learning enables ISP students to easily remember the earliest lessons of the curriculum throughout the entire duration of the course. ISP students report that never before have they grasped and retained the concepts of basic sciences so completely. The accelerated format is equal to the same credit hours as traditional semester-long programs, providing nontraditional students with one more option for fitting school into their already busy lives. If youre unsure about whether or not this kind of program is right for you, plan to attend one of the monthly open houses held on Saturdays in both Los Angeles and San Francisco. Youll also find the FAQ page helpful in answering questions you have, and theres a webinar you can take that explains everything about the Integrated Science Program, including how to apply. Testimonials are also helpful when youre trying to decide on an unconventional form of study. Be sure to read what other students have said about their success with the program. Allen Grove, Abouts Expert on College Admissions, has a nice profile on Southern California University, including info about the test scores youll need to get in, the number of applicants generally accepted, enrollment numbers, costs, financial aid available, most popular majors, transfer, graduation, and retention rates, and the schools mission statement. Thats a whole lot of info in one spot. Related science topics at About.com: BiologyChemistryHealthMathematicsPhysics

Motivational Factors Affecting Employees Satisfaction Assignment

Motivational Factors Affecting Employees Satisfaction - Assignment Example Understandably, many employers take motivation very seriously and its many theories have been evolved to attempt and explain its different forms and functions; modern study of motivation can be traced back to as far as 1960 aimed at harnessing the maximum productive form the workers. This paper will endeavor to discuss the importance of motivation in the workplace as well as exploring the different theories that have been developed on the subject by different thinkers. As aforementioned, motivation is crucial in determining the level of effort and personal investment an individual puts in action, for employers, motivation is unequivocally important since the productivity of their staff is directly depends on their motivation (Burton, et al, 1993). The following are some of the main benefits of motivation in the workplace: Considering that every concern in the workplace requires effort and human and financial resources to accomplish, motivation allows maximum use to be made of it, thi s is done by building up the works willingness to work and ultimately the enterprise will thrive in the long run. Motivation also leads up to the achievement of organizational goals since when staff is motivated the resources can be fully utilized; there is cooperation among the employees as well as goal orientation. Motivation is also crucial in bringing about employee satisfaction since they feel their efforts are appreciated and when they work they know that their effort will be rewarded. An employer should keep this in mind as they design plans for rewarding and giving incentive to their staff, these incentives could be both monetary and non-monetary, the can also take the form of promotions and other perks for deserving employees. Furthermore, motivation in the workforce leads to stability; this is because when employees are satisfied, as a good motivation scheme is wont to make them, it promotes their good will and respect toward the employee. Workers will often feel like they are participating in management if well motivated and this makes them very loyal, this is an advantage to both staff and employer and it creates a good public image for a firm to potential employees and customers(Yurtseven and Halici, 2012). The more motivated employees are, the more empowered they feel and ultimately they will be more creative and desire to show their gratitude by being even more productive. When employees are motivated they will have a healthy relationship with their bosses and problems will often be discussed openly thus resolved amicably as opposed to Acton such as strike and go-slows which hurt everyone at the end of the day (Robbins et al, 2011). Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs model in 1943 in a paper titled â€Å"A theory of motivation† by studying the exemplary people he could find in their respective fields, loosely described as the one â€Å"percenters†. Maslow's Hierarchy states that human must satisfy each of the seeds cont ained in the model beginning with the most basic need for survival and moving up to others up the hierarchy such as influence, power and personal improvement (Weinberg, 2005). However, in the event that one’s lower needs are withdrawn the higher needs lose precedence and they automatically focus on the lower needs.

Brief economic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Brief economic analysis - Essay Example This action also shows the government and the whole nation at large have confidence with the growth of the economy. The economy is expected to grow to convincing levels (Moore 5). The Federal acquires bonds from financial institutions like banks and investors. These bonds include mortgage securities and treasury bonds. The main purpose and goal of doing this was to reduce the pressures exerted on long-term interest rates. Make investors gain confidence in borrowing funds because they have a longer payment period. This action by the Federal Reserve also was meant to promote a stronger recovery strategy. This action by the Federal Reserve has affected people who had the motive of saving with financial institutions because the Federal Reserve has reduced the interest rates making them go to low levels (Moore 10). Some economists argue that it will have no difference in saving the money saved in the banks and keeping it in the house since it earns low returns when saved in the banks. Usually, as the interests rates reduce, people tend to save less. Investment on the hand improves although not proportionally. The other action of the Federal Reserve of buying bonds reduced the returns on bonds. Reduction of returns on bonds made investors not buy more bonds. Investors’ buy bonds with the aim of making profits from the returns they acquire, but having in mind the returns are low; they will shift their investment policies in other things. Investors shifted to buying other assets and bonds from foreign countries. Buying bonds in foreign countries will ensure that they continue makin g gains rather than having the money stay in bank accounts where they earn little returns. Another current issue in the American economic condition is the inequality challenge. There exists a big difference between the people who own corporations and the employees. The main cause of this inequality is that corporations are interested

The Lady’s Maid and Cinderella Essay Example for Free

The Lady’s Maid and Cinderella Essay In â€Å"The Lady’s Maid,† by Katherine Mansfield, the narrator and maid is named Ellen. (Name similarity?) She, much like Cinderella, is loyal and quiet in performing her daily duties. Ellen is also searching for something to complete her life. But several incidents in Ellen’s life contribute to her un-Cinderella-like ending, including the fact that she does not have a mythical figure to help her out. These scenes, which are shown through Ellen’s responses to interactions with characters around her, prove Ellen to be a very complex character. Both Ellen and Cinderella experience sadness from childhood experiences and devotion to the ladies that they serve, but whereas Cinderella overcomes her problems in the end and finds happiness, Ellen carries her emotions so deeply that she cannot break free from her enslaved life. When comparing Cinderella and Ellen, a their childhoods are obviously similar in many respects. Both the girls lack a constant loving home and a strong mother figure. Losing a parent at a young age is distressing to Cinderella in much the same way as it is for Ellen. Because the girls were never close with their parents because of death, they never developed the ties of loving mother-daughter relationships. Cinderella worked for her stepmother at a very young age, and after Ellen lived with her grandfather and an aunt, she was sent to work as a maid at age thirteen. The shuffling of parental figures for both Cinderella and Ellen causes them intense emotional trauma and likely triggers feelings of guilt for the loss of their parents. Cinderella and Ellen spend their days devoting much time and attention to those people in their lives who do give them attention. Because they never feel the true love that a parent can give, they mistake the orders from the old ladies as parental love. The maternal instincts that these girls both feel are similar, because they are struggling with the lack of parental influence and consequently cope by devoting their energy to those who give them any attention at all. And because they end up devoting much of their lives to those people who give them negative attention, neither Cinderella nor Ellen have anyone who truly care for them. As Cinderella and Ellen were growing up, they had no one that loved them the way a parent can love. Cinderella and Ellen had unfulfilling childhoods that later caused them to attach later in life to anyone who should care for them. Because of their dependence to these people, the girls are both easily manipulated. Cinderella does all her chores for her stepmother and constantly cooks and cleans for the family. She feels that it is her duty to serve the family for allowing her to live with them. Cinderella is very dependent on the malicious, unloving family because she has no one else who cares about her. The stepmother and stepsisters are very cruel to Cinderella, and she does not like the way she is treated, yet she still does her work cheerfully, constantly singing and talking with the birds and the dog. Cinderella seems to create happiness for her and for others, seemingly drawing from an internal reservoir of pure heartedness, goodness, and beauty. There is no external source refilling her with love, support, and comfort. Ellen’s lady does not treat her cruelly, but Ellen’s life is emotionally unfulfilling, like Cinderella. Her lady wants her to be happy, but still places high demands on Ellen, like an employer. The lady does not offer any true feelings of love to Ellen that a young woman needs to feel. At this age in the girls’ lives, they need to be feeling love as experienced in a marriage. Similar to Cinderella, Ellen attaches herself to the lady because there is no one else, and is controlled into pleasing the lady. Ellen has become so devoted that her primary concern is pleasing the lady. She says, â€Å"I’ve got nobody but my lady† (Mansfield 37). Ellen and Cinderella feel emotionally isolated throughout their young adult lives, and in order to feel needed, they attach themselves to their respective ladies. Cinderella and Ellen have very similar lives until it comes time for them to break free of their mundane lives. Cinderella’s Fairy Godmother appears on the night of the ball, makes her a beautiful dress, and whisks her off to the ball in a pumpkin carriage. There, she meets Prince Charming, and eventually they are married and live â€Å"happily ever after† (Cinderella). She overcomes her problems and escapes her cruel stepfamily, to eventually be happy. Perhaps this is because of the intervention of her Fairy Godmother, a luxury that Ellen does not have. The mythical godmother provides outside assistance that may be paralleled to divine intervention, referring to a force that is greater than one. Perhaps, when Cinderella was written, this force was very important in daily lives. And when â€Å"A Lady’s Maid† was written, this divine force was not as powerful as a truth in daily lives, which is why Mansfield did not include it in her story. Ellen cannot esc ape her life with the lady. Harry, Ellen’s suitor, has lives full of flowers and family planned out. The couple will live above his flower shop while running the business. However, Ellen rejects the idea of marriage, telling Harry â€Å"I’m not going to marry you. I can’t leave my lady† (Mansfield 40). Ellen’s choice to stay with her lady over being with a man that cares about her shows her abnormal amount of loyalty and devotion (almost puppy-like) to her lady. There is no one to show Ellen the way to happiness, as there was for Cinderella. Ellen concludes her story by saying, â€Å"She says, ‘Good night, Ellen. Sleep sound and wake early!’ I don’t know what I would do if she didn’t say that, now† (Mansfield 40). Ellen is so devoted to her lady that she cannot leave her, even though she had a better life with Harry. Her guilt, desperation to please, dependence, and devotion to her lady overcome her desire to have an emotionally fulfilling adult relationship in the end. Instead, she stays with her lady. The loss or gain of marital love is a prevailing theme throughout both stories. The difference in the endings for Cinderella and Ellen is significant; Cinderella obtains happiness while Ellen remains in her state of near-slavery. The reason for the difference is not in their characters, because they have experienced the emotional trauma from an early age, and consequently both have very similar thoughts, actions, and emotions. From Cinderella, the reader sees an oppressed young girl who obtains freedom from her evil stepmother by marrying Prince Charming with the help of her Fairy Godmother. The reader understands that mythical forces, such as fairy godmothers, are there to help out when times are tough, and that eventually everyone will get their own Prince Charming. Katherine Mansfield wants the reader of â€Å"A Lady’s Maid† to see Ellen’s desperation to please and her devout service to the lady, all while revealing deep inner troubles of a character who is not able to resolve herself in the end. While Cinderella is a charming, mythical story that children of all ages love, Mansfield’s modern story form provides a realistic and truthful ending.

Modern Labyrinth Essay -- Film Analysis

Film is a form of storytelling, and all stories are, in essence recycled, contemporary films must modernize a story of the past to make it accessible to modern audiences. This is the case with the film, Pan’s Labyrinth. The myth of â€Å"Theseus and the Minotaur† has been rewritten and modernized in the 2006 film, Pan’s Labyrinth. The myth â€Å"Theseus and the Minotaur† and the morals that exist within it, present a context in which it will be possible to interpret and analyze the film Pan’s Labyrinth as a modern day rewriting of the myth. In order to understand how Pan’s Labyrinth has been rewritten, it is important to first understand the original myth of â€Å"Theseus and the Minotaur†. According to Edith Hamilton’s Mythology, the story of Theseus and his quest to slay the Minotaur begins long before Theseus’s birth. â€Å"Minos, the powerful ruler of Crete, had lost his only son†¦while the young man was visiting the Athenian King† (Hamilton 211). In order to seek revenge, Minos invaded Athens and â€Å"declared that he would raze it to the ground unless every nine years the people sent him a tribute of seven maidens and seven youths† (Hamilton 212). When the victims reached Crete, they would be sacrificed to a beast that was â€Å"half bull, half human†, known as the Minotaur (Hamilton 212). The Minotaur was housed in a labyrinth where â€Å"escape was impossible† (Hamilton 212). â€Å"To this place, the young Athenians were each time taken and left to t he Minotaur† (Hamilton 212). This ritual continued until one year, Theseus, son of the Athenian king and heir to throne, offered to be one of the victims. Unbeknownst to the people, Theseus had every intention of slaying the beast. â€Å"When the young victims arrived in Crete they were paraded before the inhabitants ... ... bravely and defiantly act against authority rather than blindly remain obedient. This film shows the power of innocence over evil and the triumph of imagination over colorless servitude just as the original tale of Theseus and the Minotaur, but with a darker new interpretation. Works Cited Filmtracks Modern Soundtrack Reviews. (2007, January 05). Retrieved May 04, 2012, from http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/pans_labyrinth.html Goodykoontz, B., & Jacobs, C. P. (2011). Film: From Watching to Seeing. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content.ashford.edu Hamilton, Edith. Mythology. 1942. N.p.: Back Bay Books, 1998. Print VC. (2010, September 23). The Vigilant Citizen. Retrieved May 05, 2012, from The Esoteric Interpretation of Pan's Labyrinth: http://vigilantcitizen.com/moviesandtv/the-esoteric-interprentation-of-pans-labyrinth/

Different economic factors Essay

In this report I am going to describe the way that Cadbury are affected by different economic factors. I will describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on the business activities within the organisations. I will then compare the challenges to selected business activities within the organisations, in two different economic environments. Recession Recession is when the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) falls and goes negative. The GDP represents the wealth of the economy. When there is a recession there is a decline in business activity, over more than a few months. Employment rates, household income, business profits and investment spending all decrease while unemployment rates and the amount of bankruptcies rise because people begin to be more careful with their money and are less prepared to buy high priced items, for example cars and houses. People tend to take less risks when investing their money and companies also cannot really afford to be employing as many people and this is how the unemployment rates increase. The affect of recession on ‘Cadbury’ Recession will affect Cadbury but not too drastically. The reasons for this are that people will still continue to buy Cadbury products because they are a low priced product and still affordable to many people. The sales for Cadbury may even increase during a recession because people may fall into comfort eating over the recession which would result in increased sales for Cadbury. More expensive products, for example Cadbury gift boxes and celebration cakes however, will decrease in demand and sales for these products will fall fairly drastically because they are higher priced than single bars so less people will be prepared to spend that amount of money in a time of recession. This will however increase the sale of small, individual bars. In a recession Cadbury will easily be able to recruit people. This is because a higher percentage of people would have been made redundant from their previous jobs and so they will be happy just doing a job until they find something better. They will not be as bothered if the pay rate isn’t as high or if they don’t receive any benefits, they will just be happy about earning money again. Therefore in recession recruitment for Cadbury would be an easy process as a large amount of people will be looking for work. Cadbury would also be able to pay a reduced wage to new employees. Economic Growth Economic Growth is where the wealth of the increases, this can be measured by looking at the GDP (Gross Domestic Product. ) As the wealth of the economy is growing there is a higher demand for a business’s products or services. When there is an economic growth, people tend to feel more safe about their jobs, their sense of job security increases and they therefore feel more comfortable about spending out larger amounts of their money. It is during a time of economic growth that people will be more likely to take out a loan with a bank or buy a high priced item, for example a car because they will be confident in knowing they will be in their job further down the line. The affect of economic growth on ‘Cadbury’ When the economy is growing, Cadbury will see an increased demand for their products because more people will be happier spending their money. The sale of larger, more expensive Cadbury products will also increase because people wont mind paying out more money for these, unlike they would if there was a recession. Cadbury will have more employees during this time because they will need to keep up with the demand. Recruitment however, will be a much slower process than it would in a time of recession. It will be a slow process because people are already likely to be in a job working so it will take a longer time for Cadbury to gain workers. Cadbury would then have to offer a higher rate of pay than other companies in order to get people to want to work for them. Most people would stay with their current job if the pay is similar. This could be costly for Cadbury as they will have to offer as much as they can afford in order to attract people.

African American Heritage Paper Essay

This paper explores the African American heritage and also identifies the significance of nurses being culturally aware, sensitive and competent when caring for people of African American heritage. Although these terms mentioned above are used interchangeably, they have different meanings. Cultural awareness is appreciating the external or material part of the culture, such as the music, arts, and physical characteristics, and dress. Cultural sensitivity is the personal attitudes toward the culture, such as not saying things that is offensive to someone from a different ethnic or cultural background (Purnell,2013, p. 4). Cultural competence is putting it all together; by using your knowledge to provide culturally congruent care and to be able to work effectively with people in cross- cultural situations. African Americans are the second largest ethnocultural groups in the United States; however, it is one of the most misunderstood cultures. This culture is so unique because they have mixed their cultures from their different homes of origin in Africa, along with American culture. This paper overviews the history, communications, family roles, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, pregnancy and childbearing practices, spirituality, health care practices, nutrition, and death rituals in the African American culture. It is important that nurses see themselves as becoming culturally competent when caring for African Americans, and this involves incorporating cultural desire, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural encounter with the people of African American heritage (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). 2 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE One of the largest minority groups in the United States, African Americans culture includes the various cultural traditions of different African ethnic groups. â€Å"Data from the U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (2001) reveals that there are approximately 34,333,000 African Americans residing in the United States, representing 12. 1% of the total population† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). They were forcibly imported into the United States as slaves from 1619 to 1860 (Purnell, 2013, p. 21). During slavery, they incorporated their culture from their homes of origin, and as a result, their culture included several cultural traditions of African ethnic groups. Many African Americans live in poverty due to discrimination and lack of proper education. Most families of African American heritage value education, but they still struggle to have equal representation in the workplace, and are more likely to work in a hazardous environment, resulting in job related diseases and illness. Due to the lower-level positions and the difficulty in achieving higher opportunities in the workplace, some African Americans continue to feel discouraged. Nurses need to address discrimination and also issues that create ethnic or racial tension in the workplace. English is the language spoken by African Americans, however, people of lower socio economical status communicate in an informal language known as African American English (AAE) (Purnell, 2013, p. 22). According to Campinha-Bacote (2009), the major problem that AAE speakers face is prejudice. Most people believe that AAE is inferior to Standard American English. As a result, African Americans who speak AAE are sometimes misinterpreted as being uneducated. Nurses should be aware not to stereotype African Americans as only speaking AAE, and also not to stereotype them as uneducated based on the way they communicate. African Americans are expressive when 3. A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE communicating and often use body languages to convey their feelings. Their expressive language and body movement can be misconstrued as anger or provocation. Nurses need to be familiar with these characteristics and not misinterpret them. As a nurse, when interacting with African Americans for the first time, be sure to address them formally, until given permission to use other names, such as their first name. The African-American family has evolved over the last two decades and still continues to evolve. A person that is brought up in a traditional nuclear family is more likely to continue that tradition. Whereas, a person that is brought up in a single parent home is more likely to continue that same tradition. Although these situations are more likely, they are not always so. To provide the most competent care, the best thing for the nurse to do would be to ask the patient in a non-judgmental way about family dynamics and also ask them what they would feel the most comfortable with when it comes to decision making for their care. The nurse should then accept this decision. Being knowledgeable about this cultural group’s family values and beliefs are crucial for providing care for the African American patient (Revell & McGhee, 2012). A high percentage of African American households are matriarchal and fall below poverty level. With that being said, it is wise for nurses to make a point of including women when discussing health care issues. Nurses also should take note when dealing with homosexual individuals in this ethnic group, not to break confidence by sharing their lifestyles with others. This information can jeopardize and cause conflicts within the family and ruin relationships. Romantic relationships of the same-sex are not totally acceptable within this culture. 4 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE As in many culture, social status is important in African American community. African Americans are often met with negative atmosphere and prejudice attitudes based on their cultural background and skin color. Assumptions are made based on AAE spoken by some as an indication of unintelligence and the lack of education. These assumptions sometimes affect employment opportunities and job promotions. Nurses should be cautious not to fall into the stereotyping African Americans based on these characteristics. African American skin color ranges from light to very dark due to the combination of a gene pool of more than 100 racial strains (Purnell, 2013, p. 25). When assessing for cyanosis in dark-skinned African Americans, be sure to pay attention to the oral mucosa or conjunctiva. When assessing for pallor, note the absence of the underlying red tones that give the skin it’s glow. Lastly, when observing for jaundice, be sure to look at the sclera of the eyes, the soles of the feet, and the palms of the hands for any yellow discoloration (25). Health care is a luxury that low socioeconomic African Americans may not be able to afford. Meeting their daily needs takes priority over what they believe to be minor health issues. Consequently, diseases that could be treatable might end up being a life- threatening situation. African Americans are family orientated, because of this; some tend to initially seek medical attention from family members rather than going to a health care professional. Health care professionals need to be aware of this and work toward teaching and distributing health information via church and community centers. Most African American women are against abortion due to religious, cultural, and moral beliefs. As a result, there is a delay in making a decision until it becomes too late. 5 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Family support is crucial for pregnant African American women. Gichia (2000) studied and found out that African American women look for role models such as older female relatives, or if they have none, they look for someone who seemed like a mother to them, such as a neighbor. These role models can provide the pregnant woman and new mother with needed support. According to Abbyad & Robertson (2011), nurses caring for pregnant African American women need to be informed about the variety of ways in which childbirth preparation can occur, as in any other group of pregnant women. Moreover, nurses need to consider the ways in which their attitudes and behaviors send unwelcoming messages to African American women seeking prenatal care or childbirth classes. These attitudes can discourage the African American woman in seeking further care. â€Å"Culturally competent care for the childbearing African American woman includes addressing all components of care including the use of complementary and alternative medicine† (Revell, 2012). The childbirth nurse that is providing culturally competent care should be aware that the perceived norm is different for every family. African Americans are spiritual and are usually affiliated with some religious order. Historically, the church has played a major role in the life of African American culture. The church is a place where they can meet on common grounds. Faith and prayer is one of the most important attributes of Christian African Americans. They believe that God has the power to heal them, and he also has the power not to. They believe that whatever happens to them is according to God’s will. Food is very valuable in the African American culture. It symbolizes health and wealth. It is derived from African descent. When food is offered to someone, it means that the person is valued; and by offering food, they are given you something that is 6 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE valuable to them. When it comes to nutrition, some African American diets are high in cholesterol and fats. According to James (2004), â€Å"African Americans will need information on basic nutrition topics such as serving sizes and reading food labels†. Nurses that work in African American communities should be involved in programs that promote healthy food choices. These programs can specifically be developed for churches, neighborhood grocery stores, and local restaurants. â€Å"Health disparities among the African-American population include life expectancy, heart disease, hypertension, infant morality and morbidity rates, cancer, sickle cell diseases, HIV/AIDS, violence, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and asthma† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Unfortunately, they have the tendency to see a health care professional only when absolutely necessary. â€Å" Health is viewed as harmony with nature, whereas illness is seen as a disruption in this harmonic state due to demons† (Purnell,2013, p. 33). Recognize and support your patient cultural behaviors and believes to promote healthy interactions. In addition, always provide factual information about health practices that may not be understood due to their cultural believes and cultural differences. In conclusion, it is recommended that nurses familiarize themselves with cultural specific information in order to provide cultural competent care in African American community. Nurses should consider the following question: â€Å"In caring for African- American patients, have I asked myself the right questions. † It is important for nurses to be aware of their biases and prejudices toward African Americans. In addition, they should possess the needed skills to conduct a cultural assessment while possessing knowledge of this cultural group (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Lastly, nurses should always 7 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE have the desire to become culturally competent not just with African American patients, but any patient that has been placed in their charge. 8 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Resources Abbyad, C. , & Robertson, T. (2011). African American Women’s Preparation for Childbirth From the Perspective of African American Health-Care Providers. Journal Of Perinatal Education, 20(1), 45-53. doi:10. 1891/1058-1243. 20. 1. 45 Campinha-Bacote, J. (2009). Culture and diversity issues. A culturally competent model of care for African Americans. Urologic Nursing, 29(1), 49-54. Gichia, J. E, (2000), Mothers and others: African-American women’s preparation for motherhood. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 25(2), 86-91, James, D. (2004). Factors influencing food choices, dietary intake, and nutrition-related attitudes among African Americans: application of a culturally sensitive model. Ethnicity & Health, 9(4), 349-367. Purnell, L. D. (2009). People of African American Heritage. Guide to culturally competent health care (2nd ed. , p. 21-35). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co. Revell, M. A. , & McGhee, M. N. (2012). Evolution of the African American Family. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(4), 44-48. Revell, M. A. (2012). Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the African American Culture. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(3), 55-59.

Idioms and Expressions That Refer to Eating

Idioms and Expressions That Refer to Eating Idioms and Expressions That Refer to Eating Idioms and Expressions That Refer to Eating By Mark Nichol This post discusses a number of idiomatic expressions that refer literally or figuratively to consuming food and include some form of the word eat. To say that someone will eat someone else for breakfast is to convey that the first person will easily defeat the other in whatever competition or rivalry they are engaged in. Meanwhile, a dog-eat-dog environment is a highly competitive one, with a hyperbolic notion that people within it are so ruthless that they are like animals desperate enough to kill and eat each other. Similarly, to say that one person will eat another’s lunch is, on the analogy of the clichà © of a child stealing a classmate’s lunch, to suggest that a competitor or rival will best someone else decisively. On a related note, â€Å"Eat one’s young† means to betray someone to whom one has a responsibility. â€Å"Eat your heart out!† is a taunt to someone noted for an accomplishment, skill, or talent expressing that the speaker has outperformed the targeted person in that area; the idiom alludes to the notion that the target will agonize about being outperformed to the extent that it affects the person’s health- the defeat metaphorically eats away at his or her heart. Meanwhile, â€Å"Eat me!† and â€Å"Eat my shorts!† are vulgar taunts, while â€Å"Eat my dust!† from the notion that one will be running or driving faster, leaving the other person in a cloud of dust of one’s making, is milder to the point of being acceptable as a lighthearted jab. To say that one is getting or having a bite to eat, or to invite someone to join one for a bite to eat (or just a â€Å"bite†), suggests that the food consumed will consist of a snack or a light meal, though in reality it may turn out to be a full meal. To eat and run is to dine hurriedly. When one says, â€Å"I hate to eat and run!† it’s generally a jocular apology about doing so. To eat in is simply to dine at home rather than going to a restaurant. â€Å"Eat like a bird† alludes to how many birds pick at their food and seem to eat little, while eat like a pig invites comparison with the hearty enthusiasm of a pig when it eats. To eat one’s fill is to consume food until one is full, and a pregnant woman is said to be â€Å"eating for two† when her appetite increases. To eat someone out of house and home refers to when a house guest demonstrate one’s healthy appetite by exhausting the supply of food in the home of one’s host. To say that one could eat a horse is to express that one is extremely hungry. (It’s unclear why this idiom specifies the horse, which in Western civilization has generally not been considered a source of meat for people except in dire circumstance, rather than another large animal associated with meat, such as a cow. One clue is that the expression appears in several sources as â€Å"so hungry, [one] could eat a horse behind the saddle,† alluding to a traveler being so desperate that he would kill his mount for food.) When one says that one will eat one’s hat if something that seems unlikely is true or something that seems unlikely to happen occurs, the speaker is hyperbolically expressing that he or she will consume the headgear as punishment for his or her skepticism. The implication is that the speaker is so confident of the outcome that he or she believes that there is little chance he or she will have to keep his or her word and carry out the act. By the same token, to eat one’s words is to figuratively ingest them after expressing something that has been challenged or refuted; the idea is the same as having to take back one’s words. Eating crow or eating dirt, similarly, refers to the humiliation of being proven wrong; the notion is of having to ingest something unpalatable. The idea of eating humble pie is a figurative extension. When an idea, or an emotion such as guilt, eats away at someone, it is because the person feels as he or she is being gnawed at, with emotional distress akin to physical harm. By contrast, to say that something is eating through something else refers to one substance dissolving another, although it might also refer to pests such as termites gnawing on wood, and to say that one is being eaten alive is figurative and alludes to being swarmed by mosquitoes or biting insects. To eat high off the hog is to live well and prosper, from the notion that the best cuts of pork are located on the upper part of the pig’s body. To say that one has another person eating out of one’s hand (or the palm of one’s hand) suggests that the other person has been tamed, as when someone succeeds in getting a wild animal to eat food in this manner. â€Å"Eat up!† is a friendly admonition to partake in a meal. â€Å"Eat, drink, and be merry† carries the same sentiment, although the original expression concluded fatalistically, â€Å"for tomorrow we die†- a comment uttered at a feast on the eve of battle. When one is told that one looks good enough to eat, the speaker is comparing one’s attractiveness to the visual appeal of delicious-looking food. Meanwhile, assuring someone that one, or another person, â€Å"won’t eat you† is in response to the person assured being apprehensive about approaching or meeting someone because the other person seems imposing or threatening or the first person is shy. â€Å"Let them eat cake† was supposedly a callous response by a member of royalty to a report that peasants were too poor to afford bread. However, it is wrongly attributed to Marie Antoinette, queen of France at the time of the French Revolution, who was reportedly generous to the indigent. A similar remark, referring to the crust of pà ¢tà © rather than to cake, was rumored to have been uttered by another French queen more than a hundred years earlier and is likely the source of the misattributed quote. To say that someone is mad enough to chew (or eat) nails suggests hyperbolically that the person is gnashing his or her teeth out of anger so passionately that he or she could easily gnaw through metal. â€Å"Real men don’t eat quiche,† dating from the trendy popularity of the egg dish during the 1970s, suggests that the delicacy does not appeal to masculine taste in the way that, say, a piece of steak would. To say that a room is so clean, one could eat off the floor hyperbolically concludes that it has undergone such a painstakingly thorough cleaning that the floor is safe for placing food on. â€Å"You are what you eat,† originating early in the nineteenth century but repeated over the years and popularized during the 1960s, suggests the rather obvious notion that one’s diet determines the condition of one’s body. On a related note, the admonition to â€Å"eat your Wheaties† derives from the reputation of that brand of cereal for being particularly nutritious; one who wishes to be successful is encouraged to partake of it. â€Å"You can’t have your cake and eat it, too† means that one cannot simultaneously continue to enjoy the fact that one possesses something while consuming it or using it up. A reference to eating someone’s face has one of two meanings, depending on context. Denoting anger, it means that someone is so furiously confronting someone else that he or she is metaphorically devouring the other’s face. By contrast, people kissing passionately are sometimes said in humor to be eating each other’s faces. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentHonorary vs. Honourary

Benefits of ICT in Education and Classroom Management

Benefits of ICT in Education and Classroom Management ICT has so many advantages in the learning and teaching process. Classroom management is one of them that gained benefits from ICT. According to experienced teachers who use ICT in their classrooms that ICT may make the classroom controlling more effortless because ICT provides materials that make the class more interesting and easy to control (Cox and Webb, 2004). The existence of several sorts of ICT tools gives the class other support of learning especially in terms of visual and auditory learning. Thus the definition of classroom management â€Å"Content management occurs when teachers manage space, materials, equipment, the movement of people, and lessons that are part of a curriculum or program of studies† (Froyen they have ‘eyes in the back of their heads’ so are able to pay attention to several things at the same time; Letting pupils know what behavior is expected of them at any given point in time; Smoothness: teachers are able to guide pupil behavior v erbally or non- verbally without having to interrupt teaching; Maintaining group focus and interest.† Leask and Pachler(2005:44) ICT is beneficial for teachers too, to discipline student’s deportments in the class. In â€Å"withitness† teachers never are busy with other things in the class while answering a question or other activities (Leask and Pachler, 2005). They should pay their attention to students behaviour even they observe them out of the corner of their eye, it will be good. In addition, students know what they are going to do next time. Finally, in â€Å"smoothness† teachers use efficient techniques that guide students in a way, which does not lead to a noisy atmosphere in the class, but without interrupting teaching process. ICT and Motivation: The British educational communications and technology agency (Becta, 2003) has a research about ICT and motivation, which reports that regular use of ICT across various curriculum subjects, may have a u seful motivational impact on students learning (cited in Cox, 1997). It is clear that students stand more time in front of their tasks by using ICT like computer than other methods such as: classic method, which was manual, which is manual. ICT may solve discipline problems and decrease them. Moreover, students who used ICT for educational reasons in school feel more successful were more motivated to learn and have raised self-confidence and self-esteem (cited in Software and information industry association 2000). For example, while writing a paragraph by hand there is no grammar check to correct mistakes, but while ICT programs such as Microsoft Office word, which will detect most of the spelling and grammar mistakes. This process will encourage and motivate students certainly. Leask and Pachler, 2005 refer that the impaCT2 project evaluated the motivation of students through 15 case studies in their books. Researchers found that ICT not only encourages students to become more con centrated on the task. ICT also was seen by some teachers to improve both the competency and cognitive functioning (Cited in Comber et al., 2002, p. 9).

Insanity defense Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insanity defense - Term Paper Example 249). This defense has posed an insoluble problem to the criminal justice system – Contrary to the criminal law which seeks to punish the criminal; the insanity defense seeks to excuse the criminal of responsibility (Fersch, 2005). Affirming the crucial importance of criminal intent in defining a crime, this term paper contends that insanity defense is morally justified and necessary because without this justice may be unwittingly denied. Insanity Defenses The recognition and standard of insanity defense vary across states and have changed through the years: From the M’Naghten rule (1841) to the introduction of Diminished Responsibility (1866) and to the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984. (Reznek, 1997; Fersch, 2005) These changes did not abolish neither weaken the insanity defense, but instead further rationalized its justness as can be deduced from its five categories. First, the cognitive defense asserts that the offender is not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) because his mental illness prevents him from knowing the wrongfulness of his act. This defense must prove that at the time of the criminal act, the defendant must have been damaged by a mental illness to a point that the defendant did not know what he was doing and that what he was doing was wrong. Second, the volitional defense asserts that the offender is NGRI because his mental illness prevents him from controlling his impulses, causing him to act criminally. This defense though not widely accepted is used in crimes of passion. Third, the causal defense asserts that the offender is NGRI because his mental illness causes him does the criminal act unconsciously. This defense may apply in automatism cases where a person may have purposefully committed a crime in an unconscious state. For example, Simon Fraser in his sleep walking unknowingly battered his son to death while dreaming that he was defending himself against a wild beast. Fourth, the character change defense asserts that the offender is NGRI because his mental illness changes his moral character causing his criminal act. Here, the defendant’s decent character must be proven, showing that his wrongful act is clearly out of his character. And fifth, the diminished capacity defense asserts that the offender is NGRI because his mental illness reduces his culpability for committing the crime. This defense may not necessarily exonerate the defendant from criminal liability but can reduce the quality of the crime and hence the sentence. (Reznek 1997) This defense, Williams (1983) clarifies, is judged based on the morality of the case rather than psychiatric findings that its success relies more on getting the sympathy of jurors (as cited in Reznek, 1997, p. 278). These categories of insanity defense emphasize the incapacitating impact of mental illness on the moral judgment of the defendant causing his criminal act. Since criminal responsibility requires moral culpability and since justice demands t he punishment of evil ones, then insanity defense is justified (Reznek, 1997). Therefore, insanity defense is not only an excuse to avoid punishment but is essential to ensure the integrity of the criminal law. To abolish insanity defense may compromise criminal justice. Temporary Insanity The temporary insanity defense is an excuse doctrine that concerns the blameworthiness of the actor. Unlike conventional insanity